{"id":237,"date":"2020-06-16T08:23:57","date_gmt":"2020-06-16T08:23:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/eyeclinic.professional.com.ng\/?p=237"},"modified":"2020-08-30T11:57:40","modified_gmt":"2020-08-30T11:57:40","slug":"age-related-macular-degeneration-armd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/eyeupdate.com.ng\/index.php\/2020\/06\/16\/age-related-macular-degeneration-armd\/","title":{"rendered":"Have an eye check within Omole Akiode Ojodu Berger for detection of Age Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of irreversible central vision loss in older patients. Dilated funduscopic findings are diagnostic; color photographs, fluorescein angiography, and optical coherence tomography assist in confirming the diagnosis and in directing treatment. Treatment is with dietary supplements, intravitreal injection of antivascular endothelial growth factor drugs, laser photocoagulation, photodynamic therapy, and low-vision devices.<\/p>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p>Risk factors include the following:<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"list\">\n<ul class=\"topic__list\" data-mmanualobjecttype=\"List\">\n<li class=\"topic__listitem\"><a id=\"v957084\" class=\"anchor\"><\/a>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p>Age<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"topic__listitem\"><a id=\"v7824962\" class=\"anchor\"><\/a>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p>Genetic variants (eg, abnormal complement factor H)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"topic__listitem\"><a id=\"v12760144\" class=\"anchor\"><\/a>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p>Family history<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"topic__listitem\"><a id=\"v7824964\" class=\"anchor\"><\/a>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p>Smoking<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"topic__listitem\"><a id=\"v957088\" class=\"anchor\"><\/a>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.msdmanuals.com\/en-gb\/professional\/cardiovascular-disorders\/coronary-artery-disease\/overview-of-coronary-artery-disease\" data-preview-itemid=\"758d4c255e3044849ab870675fd93659\">Cardiovascular disease<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"topic__listitem\"><a id=\"v957090\" class=\"anchor\"><\/a>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.msdmanuals.com\/en-gb\/professional\/cardiovascular-disorders\/hypertension\/hypertension\" data-preview-itemid=\"d94ed74ae8a84e5385ddaae297dd0c44\">Hypertension<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"topic__listitem\"><a id=\"v7824966\" class=\"anchor\"><\/a>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p>Obesity<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"topic__listitem\"><a id=\"v28588129\" class=\"anchor\"><\/a>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p>Sun exposure<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"topic__listitem\"><a id=\"v957092\" class=\"anchor\"><\/a>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p>A diet low in omega-3 fatty acids and dark green leafy vegetables<\/p>\n<div id=\"l-group--header-letterpine--fixed\" class=\"l-group--header-letterpine-fixed l-group--header-letterpine-fixed--animate l-layer--folded\">\n<div class=\"l-group l-group--headerfixed hide-on-print\">\n<div class=\"l-layer l-layer--header l-layer--fixed\" data-header-element-position=\"fixed\" data-header-element-order=\"0\">\n<header class=\"l-layer__content l-header\">\n<nav class=\"headernav hide-on-print\">\n<div class=\"l-headernav__bottom\">\n<div class=\"l-layer l-layer--searchbar hide-on-print\">\n<form class=\"l-layer__content searchbar\" action=\"https:\/\/www.msdmanuals.com\/en-gb\/professional\/SearchResults\" name=\"searchForm\"><button class=\"letterspine__button\">A-Z<\/button><\/form>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/nav>\n<\/header>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"l-layer__overlap\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"l-group l-group--letterspinefixed\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"l-layer l-layer--underskirt l-layer--underskirt--letterspine-active\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"l-layer l-layer--breadcrumb sticky hide-on-print\" data-header-element-position=\"static|fixed\" data-header-element-order=\"300\">\n<div class=\"l-layer__content breadcrumb\">\n<div class=\"breadcrumb__wrapper\">\n<div class=\"breadcrumb__wrapper--container\">\n<div class=\"breadcrumb__icons--container\">\n<div class=\"breadcrumb__icons--img breadcrumb__icons--print\"><\/div>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.msdmanuals.com\/en-gb\/professional\/eye-disorders\/retinal-disorders\/age-related-macular-degeneration-amd-or-armd#\" aria-label=\"print\">\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"breadcrumb__icons--img breadcrumb__icons--share\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"breadcrumb__segment \"><a class=\"breadcrumb__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.msdmanuals.com\/en-gb\/professional\">PROFESSIONAL<\/a>\u00a0<span class=\"breadcrumb__separator\">\/<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"breadcrumb__segment breadcrumb__segment--dots\"><a class=\"breadcrumb__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.msdmanuals.com\/en-gb\/professional\/eye-disorders\/retinal-disorders\/age-related-macular-degeneration-amd-or-armd#\">&#8230;<\/a>\u00a0<span class=\"breadcrumb__separator\">\/<\/span><\/div>\n<div class=\"breadcrumb__segment breadcrumb__segment--active\"><a class=\"breadcrumb__link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.msdmanuals.com\/en-gb\/professional\/eye-disorders\/retinal-disorders\/age-related-macular-degeneration-amd-or-armd\">AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (AMD OR ARMD)<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"l-layer l-layer--actiontoolbar\">\n<div class=\"l-layer__padding hide-on-print\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"l-layer__content\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"l-layer__padding hide-on-print\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"l-layer l-layer--main\">\n<section class=\"l-layer__content main\">\n<div class=\"orderize topic__wrapper\">\n<div class=\"orderize__candidate\" data-orderize=\"100\" data-preview-container=\".topic__article\">\n<article class=\"topic__article\">\n<div class=\"tablebox tablebox--headings\">\n<div class=\"tablebox__cell tablebox__cell--headings\">\n<div class=\"topic__headings\">\n<h1 class=\"topic__header--title topic__header--title--animate topic__header--title--sticky\">Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD or ARMD)<\/h1>\n<h2 class=\"topic__section topic__header--subtitle\">(Senile Macular Degeneration)<\/h2>\n<div class=\"topic__header--container\">\n<div class=\"topic__authors topic__authors--container\">\n<p class=\"topic__authors--description\">By<\/p>\n<p><strong class=\"topic__label topic__label--author\">Sonia Mehta<\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"topic__authors--description\">, MD, Vitreoretinal Diseases and Surgery Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University<\/p>\n<div class=\"topic__revision\">\n<div class=\"topic__authors\">Professional.Manuals.TopicPage.LastRevisionDate| Content last modified Jun 2019<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"topic__buttons hide-on-print\">\n<div class=\"topicswitch topic__patient-education topic__patient-education--top\" data-icd9=\"362.5\">\n<div class=\"topic__patient-education--container\">\n<div class=\"topic__patient-education--text\">CLICK HERE FOR PATIENT EDUCATION<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"topic__accordion ui-accordion ui-widget ui-helper-reset\" role=\"tablist\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<div class=\"topic__explanation\">Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of irreversible central vision loss in older patients. Dilated funduscopic findings are diagnostic; color photographs, fluorescein angiography, and optical coherence tomography assist in confirming the diagnosis and in directing treatment. Treatment is with dietary supplements, intravitreal injection of antivascular endothelial growth factor drugs, laser photocoagulation, photodynamic therapy, and low-vision devices.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p>AMD is the leading cause of permanent, irreversible vision loss in older adults. It is more common among whites.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"v957079\" class=\"topic__section FHead\">\n<h2 id=\"Etiology\" class=\"topic__header--section ui-accordion-header topic__header--accordion ui-state-default ui-accordion-header-collapsed topic__header--collapsed\" tabindex=\"-1\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"ui-id-3\" aria-selected=\"false\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><a id=\"v957080\"><\/a>Etiology<\/h2>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"v957095\" class=\"topic__section FHead\">\n<h2 id=\"Pathophysiology\" class=\"topic__header--section ui-accordion-header topic__header--accordion ui-state-default ui-accordion-header-active topic__header--active ui-state-active\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"ui-id-4\" aria-selected=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"true\"><a id=\"v957096\"><\/a>Pathophysiology<\/h2>\n<div id=\"ui-id-4\" class=\"topic__content ui-accordion-content ui-helper-reset ui-widget-content ui-accordion-content-active\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"Pathophysiology\" aria-hidden=\"false\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p>Two different forms occur:<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"list\">\n<ul class=\"topic__list\" data-mmanualobjecttype=\"List\">\n<li class=\"topic__listitem\"><a id=\"v957101\" class=\"anchor\"><\/a>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p>Dry (nonexudative or atrophic): All AMD starts as the dry form. About 85% of people with AMD have only dry AMD.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"topic__listitem\"><a id=\"v957103\" class=\"anchor\"><\/a>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p>Wet (exudative or neovascular): Wet AMD occurs in about 15% of people.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"inlinemedia-component\" data-ko-rebind=\"v12760115\" data-bind=\"component: {name: 'inlinemedia-photo', params: $data}\">\n<div class=\"inlinemedia--image inlinemedia--right\" data-bind=\"css: componentClasses()\">\n<div class=\"inlinemedia__wrapper\">\n<div class=\"inlinemedia__header\">\n<div class=\"inlinemedia__title\" data-bind=\"html: Title\">Normal Retina<\/div>\n<div class=\"inlinemedia__open hide-on-print\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"inlinemedia__content\">\n<div class=\"inlinemedia__image--container\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"h-nocopy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.msdmanuals.com\/-\/media\/manual\/professional\/images\/normal_retina_high.jpg?mw=350&amp;amp;thn=0&amp;amp;la=en\" alt=\"Normal Retina\" data-bind=\"attr: { src: ThumbnailUrl, alt: Title }\" \/><\/div>\n<div class=\"inlinemedia__subtitle\" data-bind=\"html: Credits\">IMAGE PROVIDED BY SUNIR GARG, MD.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"multimedia__link\" data-bind=\"component: { name: multimediaLinkComponentName, params: multimediaLinkModel }\">\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p>Although only 15% of patients with AMD have the wet form, 80 to 90% of the severe vision loss caused by AMD results from wet AMD.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"inlinemedia-component\" data-ko-rebind=\"v34398728\" data-bind=\"component: {name: 'inlinemedia-photo', params: $data}\">\n<div class=\"inlinemedia--image inlinemedia--right\" data-bind=\"css: componentClasses()\">\n<div class=\"inlinemedia__wrapper\">\n<div class=\"inlinemedia__header\">\n<div class=\"inlinemedia__title\" data-bind=\"html: Title\">\n<div>Age-Related Macular Degeneration (Wet)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"inlinemedia__open hide-on-print\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"inlinemedia__content\">\n<div class=\"inlinemedia__image--container\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"h-nocopy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.msdmanuals.com\/-\/media\/manual\/professional\/images\/c0271347-age-related-macular-degeneration-wet-science-photo-library-high.jpg?mw=350&amp;amp;thn=0&amp;amp;la=en\" alt=\"Age-Related Macular Degeneration (Wet)\" data-bind=\"attr: { src: ThumbnailUrl, alt: Title }\" \/><\/div>\n<div class=\"inlinemedia__subtitle\" data-bind=\"html: Credits\">PAUL WHITTEN\/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"multimedia__link\" data-bind=\"component: { name: multimediaLinkComponentName, params: multimediaLinkModel }\">\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p><b>Dry AMD<\/b>\u00a0causes changes of the retinal pigment epithelium, typically visible as dark pinpoint areas. The retinal pigment epithelium plays a critical role in keeping the cones and rods healthy and functioning well. Accumulation of waste products from the rods and cones can result in drusen, which appear as yellow spots. Areas of chorioretinal atrophy (referred to as geographic atrophy) occur in more advanced cases of dry AMD. There is no elevated macular scar (disciform scar), edema, hemorrhage, or exudation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p><b>Wet AMD<\/b>\u00a0occurs when new abnormal blood vessels develop under the retina in a process called choroidal neovascularization (abnormal new vessel formation). Localized macular edema or hemorrhage may elevate an area of the macula or cause a localized retinal pigment epithelial detachment. Eventually, untreated neovascularization causes a disciform scar under the macula.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"SymptomsAndSigns\" class=\"topic__header--section ui-accordion-header topic__header--accordion ui-state-default ui-accordion-header-active topic__header--active ui-state-active\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"ui-id-5\" aria-selected=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"true\">Symptoms and Signs<\/h2>\n<div id=\"ui-id-5\" class=\"topic__content ui-accordion-content ui-helper-reset ui-widget-content ui-accordion-content-active\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"SymptomsAndSigns\" aria-hidden=\"false\">\n<section id=\"v957113\" class=\"topic__section GHead\">\n<h3 id=\"\" class=\"topic__header--subsection\"><a id=\"v957114\"><\/a>Dry AMD<\/h3>\n<div class=\"topic__content\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p>The loss of central vision occurs over years and is painless, and most patients retain enough vision to read and drive. Central blind spots (scotomas) usually occur late in the disease and can sometimes become severe. Symptoms are usually bilateral.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p><b>Funduscopic changes<\/b>\u00a0include the following:<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"list\">\n<ul class=\"topic__list\" data-mmanualobjecttype=\"List\">\n<li class=\"topic__listitem\"><a id=\"v957120\" class=\"anchor\"><\/a>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p>Changes in the retinal pigment epithelium<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"topic__listitem\"><a id=\"v957122\" class=\"anchor\"><\/a>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p>Drusen<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"topic__listitem\"><a id=\"v957124\" class=\"anchor\"><\/a>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p>Areas of chorioretinal atrophy<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"v957125\" class=\"topic__section GHead\">\n<h3 id=\"\" class=\"topic__header--subsection\"><a id=\"v957126\"><\/a>Wet AMD<\/h3>\n<div class=\"topic__content\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p>Rapid vision loss, usually over days to weeks, is more typical of wet AMD. The first symptom is usually visual distortion, such as a central blind spot (scotoma) or curving of straight lines (metamorphopsia). Peripheral vision and color vision are generally unaffected; however, the patient may become legally blind (<span class=\"symbol\">&lt;<\/span>\u00a020\/200 vision) in the affected eye, particularly if AMD is not treated. Wet AMD usually affects one eye at a time; thus, symptoms of wet AMD are often unilateral.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p><b>Funduscopic changes<\/b>\u00a0include the following:<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"list\">\n<ul class=\"topic__list\" data-mmanualobjecttype=\"List\">\n<li class=\"topic__listitem\"><a id=\"v957133\" class=\"anchor\"><\/a>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p>Subretinal fluid, appearing as localized retinal elevation<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"topic__listitem\"><a id=\"v957135\" class=\"anchor\"><\/a>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p>Retinal edema<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"topic__listitem\"><a id=\"v957137\" class=\"anchor\"><\/a>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p>Gray-green discoloration under the macula<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"topic__listitem\"><a id=\"v957139\" class=\"anchor\"><\/a>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p>Exudates in or around the macula<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"topic__listitem\"><a id=\"v957141\" class=\"anchor\"><\/a>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p>Detachment of retinal pigment epithelium (visible as an area of retinal elevation)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"topic__listitem\"><a id=\"v7824968\" class=\"anchor\"><\/a>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p>Subretinal hemorrhage in or around the macula<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"inlinemedia-component\" data-ko-rebind=\"v34398689\" data-bind=\"component: {name: 'inlinemedia-photo', params: $data}\">\n<div class=\"inlinemedia--image inlinemedia--right\" data-bind=\"css: componentClasses()\">\n<div class=\"inlinemedia__wrapper\">\n<div class=\"inlinemedia__header\">\n<div class=\"inlinemedia__title\" data-bind=\"html: Title\">\n<div>Age-Related Macular Degeneration (Drusen)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"inlinemedia__open hide-on-print\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"inlinemedia__content\">\n<div class=\"inlinemedia__image--container\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"h-nocopy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.msdmanuals.com\/-\/media\/manual\/professional\/images\/m1550480-age-related-macular-degeneration-drusen-science-photo-library-high.jpg?mw=350&amp;amp;thn=0&amp;amp;la=en\" alt=\"Age-Related Macular Degeneration (Drusen)\" data-bind=\"attr: { src: ThumbnailUrl, alt: Title }\" \/><\/div>\n<div class=\"inlinemedia__subtitle\" data-bind=\"html: Credits\">PAUL PARKER\/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"multimedia__link\" data-bind=\"component: { name: multimediaLinkComponentName, params: multimediaLinkModel }\">\n<h2 id=\"Diagnosis\" class=\"topic__header--section ui-accordion-header topic__header--accordion ui-state-default ui-accordion-header-active topic__header--active ui-state-active\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"ui-id-6\" aria-selected=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"true\">Diagnosis<\/h2>\n<div id=\"ui-id-6\" class=\"topic__content ui-accordion-content ui-helper-reset ui-widget-content ui-accordion-content-active\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"Diagnosis\" aria-hidden=\"false\">\n<div class=\"list\">\n<ul class=\"topic__list\" data-mmanualobjecttype=\"List\">\n<li class=\"topic__listitem\"><a id=\"v957147\" class=\"anchor\"><\/a>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p>Funduscopic examination<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"topic__listitem\"><a id=\"v7824970\" class=\"anchor\"><\/a>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p>Color fundus photography<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"topic__listitem\"><a id=\"v957149\" class=\"anchor\"><\/a>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p>Fluorescein angiography<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"topic__listitem\"><a id=\"v957151\" class=\"anchor\"><\/a>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p>Optical coherence tomography<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p>Both forms of AMD are diagnosed by funduscopic examination. Visual changes can often be detected with an\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.msdmanuals.com\/en-gb\/professional\/eye-disorders\/approach-to-the-ophthalmologic-patient\/evaluation-of-the-ophthalmologic-patient#v1152060\">Amsler grid<\/a>. Color<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"Treatment\" class=\"topic__header--section ui-accordion-header topic__header--accordion ui-state-default ui-accordion-header-active topic__header--active ui-state-active\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"ui-id-7\" aria-selected=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"true\">Treatment<\/h2>\n<div id=\"ui-id-7\" class=\"topic__content ui-accordion-content ui-helper-reset ui-widget-content ui-accordion-content-active\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"Treatment\" aria-hidden=\"false\">\n<div class=\"list\">\n<ul class=\"topic__list\" data-mmanualobjecttype=\"List\">\n<li class=\"topic__listitem\"><a id=\"v957159\" class=\"anchor\"><\/a>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p>Dietary supplements for high-risk dry or unilateral wet AMD<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"topic__listitem\"><a id=\"v957161\" class=\"anchor\"><\/a>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p>Intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor drugs or laser treatments for wet AMD<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"topic__listitem\"><a id=\"v957163\" class=\"anchor\"><\/a>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p>Supportive measures<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<section id=\"v957164\" class=\"topic__section GHead\">\n<h3 id=\"\" class=\"topic__header--subsection\"><a id=\"v957165\"><\/a>Dry AMD<\/h3>\n<div class=\"topic__content\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p>There is no way to reverse damage caused by dry AMD. Patients with extensive drusen, pigment changes, and\/or geographic atrophy can reduce the risk of developing advanced AMD by 25% by taking daily supplements of the following:<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"list\">\n<ul class=\"topic__list\" data-mmanualobjecttype=\"List\">\n<li class=\"topic__listitem\"><a id=\"v957169\" class=\"anchor\"><\/a>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p>Zinc oxide 80 mg<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"topic__listitem\"><a id=\"v957171\" class=\"anchor\"><\/a>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p>Copper 2 mg<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"topic__listitem\"><a id=\"v957173\" class=\"anchor\"><\/a>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p>Vitamin C 500 mg<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"topic__listitem\"><a id=\"v957175\" class=\"anchor\"><\/a>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p>Vitamin E 400 units<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"topic__listitem\"><a id=\"v957177\" class=\"anchor\"><\/a>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p>Lutein 10 mg\/zeaxanthin 2 mg (or beta-carotene 15 mg or vitamin A 28,000 units for patients who have not smoked)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p>In current and former smokers, beta-carotene can increase the risk of lung cancer. Recently, substitution of beta-carotene with lutein plus zeaxanthin has been shown to have comparable efficacy (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.msdmanuals.com\/en-gb\/professional\/eye-disorders\/retinal-disorders\/age-related-macular-degeneration-amd-or-armd#v28588132\">1<\/a>). Therefore, such a substitution should be considered in current or former smokers. The zinc component of these supplements increases risk of hospitalization for genitourinary tract disorders. Some patients taking beta-carotene also have yellowing of the skin. Reducing cardiovascular risk factors as well as regularly eating foods high in omega-3 fatty acids and dark green leafy vegetables may help slow disease progression; however, recent large trials have not shown that taking supplements of omega-3 fatty acids reduces disease progression.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"v957179\" class=\"topic__section GHead\">\n<h3 id=\"\" class=\"topic__header--subsection\"><a id=\"v957180\"><\/a>Wet AMD<\/h3>\n<div class=\"topic__content\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p>Patients with unilateral wet AMD should take the daily nutritional supplements that are recommended for dry AMD to reduce the risk of AMD-induced vision loss in the other eye. The choice of other treatments depends on the size, location, and type of neovascularization. Intravitreal injection of antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) drugs (usually\u00a0<span class=\"disabledResolvedDrug\">ranibizumab<\/span>,\u00a0<span class=\"disabledResolvedDrug\">bevacizumab<\/span>, or\u00a0<span class=\"disabledResolvedDrug\">aflibercept<\/span>) can substantially reduce the risk of vision loss and can help restore reading vision in up to one third of patients. In a small subset of patients, thermal laser photocoagulation of neovascularization outside the fovea may prevent severe vision loss. Photodynamic therapy, a type of laser treatment, also helps under specific circumstances. Corticosteroids (eg,\u00a0<span class=\"disabledResolvedDrug\">triamcinolone<\/span>) are sometimes injected intraocularly along with an anti-VEGF drug. Other treatments, including transpupillary thermotherapy, subretinal surgery, and macular translocation surgery, are seldom used.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"v28588131\" class=\"topic__section GHead\">\n<h3 id=\"\" class=\"topic__header--subsection\"><a id=\"v28588132\"><\/a>Treatment reference<\/h3>\n<div class=\"topic__content\">\n<div class=\"list\">\n<ul class=\"nobulleted\" data-mmanualobjecttype=\"List\">\n<li class=\"topic__listitem\"><a id=\"v28588135\" class=\"anchor\"><\/a>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p>1.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/23644932\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener noreferrer\">Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2 Research Group<\/a>: Lutein + zeaxanthin and omega-3 fatty acids for age-related macular degeneration: The age-related eye disease study 2 (AREDS2) randomized clinical trial.\u00a0<i>JAMA<\/i>\u00a0309(19):2005-15, 2013. doi: 10.1001\/jama.2013.4997. Clarification and additional information.\u00a0<span data-mmanualobjecttype=\"pubtitle\">JAMA<\/span>\u00a0310(2):208, 2013. doi:10.1001\/jama.2013.6403.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<section id=\"v957185\" class=\"topic__section GHead\">\n<h3 id=\"\" class=\"topic__header--subsection\"><a id=\"v957186\"><\/a>Supportive measures<\/h3>\n<div class=\"topic__content\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p>For patients who have lost central vision, low-vision devices such as magnifiers, high-power reading glasses, large computer monitors, and telescopic lenses are available. Also, certain types of software can display computer data in large print or read information aloud in a synthetic voice. Low-vision counseling is advised<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"KeyPoints\" class=\"topic__header--section ui-accordion-header topic__header--accordion ui-state-default ui-accordion-header-active topic__header--active ui-state-active\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"tab\" aria-controls=\"ui-id-8\" aria-selected=\"true\" aria-expanded=\"true\">Key Points<\/h2>\n<div id=\"ui-id-8\" class=\"topic__content--keypoints ui-accordion-content topic__content ui-helper-reset ui-widget-content ui-accordion-content-active\" role=\"tabpanel\" aria-labelledby=\"KeyPoints\" aria-hidden=\"false\">\n<div class=\"list\">\n<ul class=\"topic__list\" data-mmanualobjecttype=\"List\">\n<li class=\"topic__listitem\"><a id=\"v7824976\" class=\"anchor\"><\/a>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p>AMD is more common among whites and is the leading cause of permanent vision loss in older adults.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"topic__listitem\"><a id=\"v7824978\" class=\"anchor\"><\/a>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p>AMD can be dry (nonexudative or atrophic) or wet (exudative or neovascular).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"topic__listitem\"><a id=\"v7824980\" class=\"anchor\"><\/a>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p>Although 85% of AMD is dry, 80 to 90% of severe vision loss caused by AMD results from the wet type.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"topic__listitem\"><a id=\"v7824982\" class=\"anchor\"><\/a>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p>Funduscopic changes in dry AMD include drusen, areas of chorioretinal atrophy, and changes to the retinal pigment epithelium.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"topic__listitem\"><a id=\"v7824984\" class=\"anchor\"><\/a>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p>Funduscopic changes in wet AMD include retinal edema and localized elevation, detachment of the retinal pigment epithelium, a gray-green discoloration under the macula, and exudates in and around the macula.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"topic__listitem\"><a id=\"v7824986\" class=\"anchor\"><\/a>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p>If patients have AMD on funduscopy, do color fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, and optical coherence tomography.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"topic__listitem\"><a id=\"v7824988\" class=\"anchor\"><\/a>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p>Prescribe dietary supplements for unilateral wet or high-risk dry AMD.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"topic__listitem\"><a id=\"v7824990\" class=\"anchor\"><\/a>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p>Treat wet AMD with intravitreal antivascular endothelial growth factor drugs or laser therapy.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/article>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of irreversible central vision loss in older patients. Dilated funduscopic findings are diagnostic; color photographs, fluorescein angiography, and optical coherence tomography assist in confirming the diagnosis and in directing treatment. Treatment is with dietary supplements, intravitreal injection of antivascular endothelial growth factor drugs, laser photocoagulation, photodynamic&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":239,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[26,30,31,33,36,40,46,50,53,63,64,65,69,70,78,85,88,97,102,103,104,111,113,115,126,128,133,135,152,158,161,165,173,174,176,177,181,182,196,197,199,201,204,205,208,209,213,214,216,220,239,243,245,246,247,249,268,270,271,275,277,279],"class_list":["post-237","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-age-related-macular-degeneration","tag-abule","tag-agege","tag-ajao","tag-ajuwon","tag-eye-clinic-in-akute","tag-alagbole","tag-arifanla","tag-baale","tag-berger","tag-church","tag-clear","tag-clinic","tag-college-road","tag-contact-lens","tag-egba","tag-estate","tag-eye","tag-fagba","tag-free-eye-check","tag-g-r-a","tag-giwa","tag-heritage","tag-hospital","tag-ibafo","tag-iju","tag-ikeja","tag-in","tag-infrared-thermometer","tag-koye","tag-lagos-state","tag-lambe","tag-list","tag-magodo","tag-make","tag-matogbun","tag-matogun","tag-ministry-of-health","tag-mowe","tag-of","tag-ogba","tag-ogun-state","tag-ojodu","tag-oke","tag-okearo","tag-omole","tag-ophthalmologist","tag-optical","tag-optician","tag-optometrist","tag-oshodi","tag-road","tag-screening","tag-see","tag-shagamu","tag-shomolu","tag-solution","tag-vision","tag-wash","tag-water","tag-well","tag-works","tag-yaba"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Have an eye check within Omole Akiode Ojodu Berger for detection of Age Related Macular Degeneration (ARMD) - Eyeupdate Eye Clinic &amp; Optical Services Ltd. 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